Champollion then made a second crucial breakthrough, realising that the alphabetic signs were used not only for foreign names, but also for Egyptian names. The audience included his English rival Thomas Young, who was also trying to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.Ĭhampollion inscribed this copy of the published paper (see image 'Tableau de Signes Phonétiques') with alphabetic hieroglyphs meaning 'à mon ami Dubois' ('to my friend Dubois'). He announced his discovery, which had been based on analysis of the Rosetta Stone and other texts, in a paper at the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres at Paris on Friday 27 September 1822. Champollion made a crucial step in understanding ancient Egyptian writing when he identified the hieroglyphs that were used to write the names of non-Egyptian rulers. This laid the foundations of our knowledge of ancient Egyptian language and culture. The French scholar Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832) then realised that hieroglyphs recorded the sound of the Egyptian language. Thomas Young (1773–1829), an English physicist, was one of the first to show that some of the hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone wrote the sounds of a royal name, that of Ptolemy. In the early years of the 19th century, scholars were able to use the Greek inscription on this stone as the key to decipher them. Soon after the end of the 4th century AD, when hieroglyphs had gone out of use, the knowledge of how to read and write them disappeared. It features 14 lines of hieroglyphic script: The Rosetta Stone was found broken and incomplete. The important thing for us is that the decree is inscribed three times, in hieroglyphs (suitable for a priestly decree), Demotic (the cursive Egyptian script used for daily purposes, meaning 'language of the people'), and Ancient Greek (the language of the administration – the rulers of Egypt at this point were Greco-Macedonian after Alexander the Great's conquest). The Rosetta Stone is one of these copies, so not particularly important in its own right. It says that the priests of a temple in Memphis (in Egypt) supported the king. The decree was copied on to large stone slabs called stelae, which were put in every temple in Egypt. The writing on the Stone is an official message, called a decree, about the king ( Ptolemy V, r. It was an important clue that helped experts learn to read Egyptian hieroglyphs (a writing system that used pictures as signs). It has a message carved into it, written in three types of writing. The Stone is a broken part of a bigger stone slab. The Rosetta Stone is one of the most famous objects in the British Museum.

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